Introduction

Simulation of Propagation

Path-Loss Models

A Minor Project Report

Submitted by

Simer Deep

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

DIGITAL AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

AT

University School of Information and Communication Technology

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University

Dwarka, Delhi-110078

December, 2012

Table of contents

CHAPTER  No.   TITLE PAGE NO.

Declaration of the Student iii

Certificate of the Guide iv

Abstract v

Acknowledgement vi

List of Figures vii

1. INTRODUCTION 8
1. Channel & Channel model 9
2. Fading 10

2. FREE-SPACE PROPAGATION LOSS 15

3. ATTENUATION OVER REFLECTING SURFACE 18

4. RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION 20

1. Introduction 21

2. Shadowing 22
3. Multipath 23
4. Tapped Delay Line Model 25
5. Doppler Spread 25

5. EMPIRICAL PATH LOSS MODELS 27

1. Introduction 28
2. Okumura/Hata Model 28
3. COST 231 Model 29
4. IMT-2000 Models 32
1. Indoor Office Environment 32
2. Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Environment 32
3. Vehicular Environment 33
5. Erceg Model 33
6. Modified Erceg Model 34
7. Indoor Path-Loss Models 34

Source Code and Simulation 36

References